IADR Abstract Archives
Microbiological Association between Periodontal and Alzheimer’s Diseases: a Systematic Review.
Objectives: Periodontitis is a non-communicable chronic disease caused by the dysbiosis of subgingival microbiota. There is evidence that intestinal pathogenic and respiratory microorganisms can spread to various organs and tissues, detecting cognitive decline in animal models. Recently, in different patients who died due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the presence of oral bacteria was detected in the brain cortex, hippocampus, and in trigeminal ganglia. Our research group identified the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the brain of rats after palatal inoculation of both pathogenic and non-pathogenic serotypes. Thus, in this systematic review we performed an analysis of the literature to determine the microbiological association between periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease.
Methods: The PRISM protocol, based on clinical trials, cases and controls, cohort, and descriptive postmortem studies were used to detect periodontal bacteria in the brain. Research papers from the last 15 years were included, and papers with languages other than English or Spanish were excluded. The search was performed in the Pubmed database using MESH terms and was complemented by gray literature. The studies were reviewed by two independent reviewers and a third reviewer made the final decision in questionable situations.
Results: Based on 12 studies, the evidence demonstrated that Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola or Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans can be detected in Cerebrospinal fluid, IV ventricle, brain cortex or hippocampus. All those bacteria were detected in both patients, affected or non-affected with AD.
Conclusions: There is a possible link between the development or progression of AD and oral bacteria. However, it cannot yet be established that periodontitis is a risk factor for AD.
Methods: The PRISM protocol, based on clinical trials, cases and controls, cohort, and descriptive postmortem studies were used to detect periodontal bacteria in the brain. Research papers from the last 15 years were included, and papers with languages other than English or Spanish were excluded. The search was performed in the Pubmed database using MESH terms and was complemented by gray literature. The studies were reviewed by two independent reviewers and a third reviewer made the final decision in questionable situations.
Results: Based on 12 studies, the evidence demonstrated that Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola or Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans can be detected in Cerebrospinal fluid, IV ventricle, brain cortex or hippocampus. All those bacteria were detected in both patients, affected or non-affected with AD.
Conclusions: There is a possible link between the development or progression of AD and oral bacteria. However, it cannot yet be established that periodontitis is a risk factor for AD.