IADR Abstract Archives
Association of Social Economical Status with Cleft Lip and Palate in India
Objectives: Purpose of our study was to analyze association between social economic status and cleft lip and palate in Puducherry (Karaikal) and Karnataka (Nagamangala).
Methods: A case-control study design was used. Cases - individuals affected with cleft lip, cleft lip and palate, cleft palate and syndromes with any cleft - were identified during Rotaplast cleft medical missions in Karaikal (n=263) and Nagamangala (n=67). Controls were available only from Karaikal (n = 113). We allocated individual social economical status (SES) category based on per capita monthly income of each family using modified Prasad’s classification (Sharma, 2013) and adjusted for years when data were collected (2004, 2005, and 2007). General Genetic Questionnaire interview instrument was used for personal interview with mother and/or head of household to obtain information.
Results: In Karaikal cases sample, out of 263 families 189 (82.51%) were from the lowest SES category 5; no family in SES 1 and 2, only 7 (2.66%) in SES 2 and 3 and in 39 families SES was not specified (14.83%). In Nagamangala case sample, SES of families was better – only 43 (64.18%) out of 67 families were from SES 5 (SES 1 and 2 – 7.46%; SES 3 and 4 – 25.37%; SES not specified 2.99%). We compared proportion of the lowest SES (category 5) between Karaikal and Nagamangala cases and the difference was significant (p=0.001051).
In both locations, the vast majority of case families (those with known SES) lived in the village. In Karaikal sample, 74.11 % (n=166) and in Nagamangala sample, 84.62% (n=55). In Karaikal control families, less families lived in the village (52.63 %) compared to cases families. This difference was highly statistically significant (p=0.00096).
Conclusions: There are many other characteristics of low SES that are related to per capita income. Among them, nutrition available to mothers in the in the critical time on pregnancy, living condition, pollution from cooking on open stoves, and other that may contribute to disturbance of embryonic development and lead to orofacial cleft and other birth defects. Public health programs are needed to address these issues.
Methods: A case-control study design was used. Cases - individuals affected with cleft lip, cleft lip and palate, cleft palate and syndromes with any cleft - were identified during Rotaplast cleft medical missions in Karaikal (n=263) and Nagamangala (n=67). Controls were available only from Karaikal (n = 113). We allocated individual social economical status (SES) category based on per capita monthly income of each family using modified Prasad’s classification (Sharma, 2013) and adjusted for years when data were collected (2004, 2005, and 2007). General Genetic Questionnaire interview instrument was used for personal interview with mother and/or head of household to obtain information.
Results: In Karaikal cases sample, out of 263 families 189 (82.51%) were from the lowest SES category 5; no family in SES 1 and 2, only 7 (2.66%) in SES 2 and 3 and in 39 families SES was not specified (14.83%). In Nagamangala case sample, SES of families was better – only 43 (64.18%) out of 67 families were from SES 5 (SES 1 and 2 – 7.46%; SES 3 and 4 – 25.37%; SES not specified 2.99%). We compared proportion of the lowest SES (category 5) between Karaikal and Nagamangala cases and the difference was significant (p=0.001051).
In both locations, the vast majority of case families (those with known SES) lived in the village. In Karaikal sample, 74.11 % (n=166) and in Nagamangala sample, 84.62% (n=55). In Karaikal control families, less families lived in the village (52.63 %) compared to cases families. This difference was highly statistically significant (p=0.00096).
Conclusions: There are many other characteristics of low SES that are related to per capita income. Among them, nutrition available to mothers in the in the critical time on pregnancy, living condition, pollution from cooking on open stoves, and other that may contribute to disturbance of embryonic development and lead to orofacial cleft and other birth defects. Public health programs are needed to address these issues.