Long-term effect of periodontal maintenance on adiponectin increase in diabetics

Methods: Twenty-two type 2 diabetes patients (14 males and 8 females; mean age, 61.1±6.1yrs) have completed MPT biweekly for two months with a single mechanical tooth cleaning at six month. After the above treatment, patients were randomly assigned into test or control. The patients in test received scaling, polishing and oral hygiene instruction as PM every 3 or 6 months continuously while no PM was given those in control. Periodontal examination and serum blood measurements were performed at baseline and follow-up period after 29-50 months.

Results: Serum adiponectin concentration in test had shown 52.8% increase at follow-up period compared with baseline (p=0.004), while those in control had shown 33.6% increase. Mean level of serum adiponectin at follow-up period in test was 74.3% higher than in control (p=0.076). The percentage of reduction in ≥4 mm probing depths (Pd ≥4 mm) and bleeding on probing (BOP) in test were 58.9% and 60.2% respectively (p<0.001). There was also significant lower percentage of Pd ≥4 mm in test (9.8%) at follow-up period compared those in control (21.0 %) (p=0.027).

Conclusions: Our results suggested that periodontal maintenance followed by mechanical periodontal treatment not only improve periodontal disease but also maintain increased serum adiponectin in type 2 diabetics for long-term basis.