IADR Abstract Archives

Development of the Outcome Expectancy Scale for Self-care

Objectives: The theory of self-efficacy states that specific efficacy expectations affect behavior, motivational level, thought patterns, and emotional reactions in response to any situation. Two types of efficacy expectations are described within the theory: Self-efficacy expectations are a belief in the individual's capacity to perform a specific behavior, while outcome expectations are a belief that carrying out a specific behavior will lead to a desired outcome. The purpose of this study was to develop an outcome expectancy scale for self-care among periodontal disease patients (OESS) and examine its reliability and validity.

Methods: A draft scale consisting of 34 items was designed and tested on 101 patients at a dental clinic. We performed item analysis to improve accuracy by reducing the number of items. Internal consistency and test and re-test stability were investigated. We tested concurrent validity by examining associations of the OESS score with the self-efficacy scale for self-care (SESS) score, and the plaque control record (PCR) of O'Leary et al. We examined construct validity by comparing the OESS scores between patients with mild to moderate periodontitis at the initial visit (Group 1) with the scores of those continuing regular maintenance care (Group 2).

Results: The item analysis selected 13 items for the OESS. The factor analysis extracted three factors: “social outcome expectancy”, “oral outcome expectancy”, and “self-evaluative outcome expectancy.” Cronbach's α coefficient of the OESS was 0.90. Significant correlation was observed between tests and re-tests (r = 0.85, p < 0.001, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient). Significant associations were identified between the OESS score and SESS (r = 0.68, p < 0.001, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient) and PCR scores (r = -0.43, p < 0.001, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient). Group 2 had a significantly higher OESS score than Group 1 (p < 0.001, unpaired t test).

Conclusions: The OESS showed high reliability and validity. This scale might be a useful tool in research applications in periodontal dental practice.


World Congress on Preventive Dentistry
2009 World Congress on Preventive Dentistry (Phuket, Thailand)
Phuket, Thailand
2009
164
Posters
  • Kakudate, Naoki  ( Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Hokkaido, N/A, Japan )
  • Fukuhara, Shunichi  ( Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto, N/A, Japan )
  • Morita, Manabu  ( Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, N/A, Japan )
  • Sugai, Makoto  ( Nagayama Family Dental Clinic, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, N/A, Japan )
  • Nagayama, Masato  ( Nagayama Family Dental Clinic, Sappro, N/A, Japan )
  • Kawanami, Masamitsu  ( Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, N/A, Japan )
  • Chiba, Itsuo  ( Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, N/A, Japan )
    • Poster Session
    Other WCPD Topics II
    09/10/2009