A Case of High-Grade Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma of the Maxilla: a Rare Tumor in Unusual Localization.

Objectives: Chondrosarcoma is a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, characterized by the production of a cartilaginous matrix by tumor cells. These neoplasms mostly occur in the long bones, the pelvis, and the ribs, their localisation in the head and neck region is very rare which accounts for less than 1 to 2 per cent. It is distinguished by its aggressive nature.
The aim of this case report is to emphasize the role of the clinical, radiologic and histopathologic correlation in the diagnosis of maxillary chondrosarcoma.
Methods: We present a case of a 47-year-old male patient who was referred to Oral and Maxillo-Facial surgery department to treat a swelling in the right suborbital region which was at first misdiagnosed with benign Chondromyxoid Fibroma of the right Maxilla. The tumor was surgically removed.
Results: The histopathological examination of the excised tumor confirmed a high-grade dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. Based on the second histopathological examination, the patient received chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
Conclusions: The scarcity of the maxillary chondrosarchoma made the diagnosis challenging. We emphasize the importance of an accurate histopathological examination and its correlation with the clinical and radiologic features in order to diagnose the malignant tumor and to carry out the adequate treatment.