Chronic Inflammatory Periodontal Diseases among Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases

Introduction: Advances  in  our  understanding  of  the  pathogenesis  of  a  variety  of  chronic systemic   diseases  have  led  to  an  enhanced  appreciation  of  the  significant interactions and   associations that can occur between oral   diseases, particularly periodontal diseases   and  systemic   diseases.  Several epidemiological studies  have  suggested   a  role  for  periodontal  diseases  in  the  development  of some cardiovascular  diseases.  Objectives: the  present  study  was  designed  to  examine  the  prevalence  of  chronic   inflammatory  periodontal   diseases  among   patients  with  cardiovascular  diseases in  Khartoum. Methods: One  hundred  patients  with  cardiovascular  diseases    were  selected randomly  from  patients  attending  the  referred   clinic  in  El-shab  Teaching  Hospital  and   patients   who  where  admitted  to  the  same  hospital  according  to  the  following  criteria:  Ages  ranging  from  35-50  years and  not  diabetic  and  free  from  other  endocrine  diseases. One hundred   medically healthy individuals with the same age range   were examined as a control. All  subjects  were  examined  using  the  Plaque  index(PI)( Loe  and  Sillnes),  Gingival  , index(GI) ( Loe  and  Sillnes),  Probeable  Pocket  Depth  (PPD), Probeable  Attachment  Loss(PAL) , and  Tooth  mobility,  brushing  technique  and  frequency.  Results: The  results  revealed  that  patients  with  cardiovascular  diseases  have more  gingival  inflammation  (1.4 ±0.4)  compared to the  control  group ( 1.1±  0.3). The difference was statistically significant (P= 0.000). The  study  group  had  also  more (PAL) with  a mean  and  standard  deviation  for  the  sample (1.7±  1.3) compared to the  control  group (0.37 ± 0.6  ) and the  difference  was statistically significant  (P=  0.000). These differences in periodontal disease occurred in the absence of no difference in plaque level.  Conclusion: From the results of this study we may conclude that patients with cardiovascular diseases have more periodontal diseases as measured using (GI) and (PAL). However a detailed investigation is needed.