Studying the Relationship of Periodontitis and Lipid Profiles

Objective: The purpose was to study the relationship between periodontal disease and subclinical atherosclerosis, and whether this relationship is dependent on the levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL). Method: 106 patients aged 25 to 65 years with intact periodontium and periodontitis with different levels of cardiovascular risk. The clinical  periodontal examination was performed with a plane mouth mirror and explorer. The clinical parameters evaluated were: oral hygiene index Silness-Loe and Muhlleman in modification of Cowell. The determination of the level of destruction of bone tissue was performed using orthopantomograms. Result: There was no signs of periodontal inflammation in 22 patients; mild periodontitis - 24 patients; moderate -34 patients; severe periodontitis -26 patients. High cholesterol (LDL) was observed in 77 patients (72,6%). The analysis of the lipid spectrum showed higher atherogenic fraction of LDL cholesterol in 89 patients (84%) and the reduced levels of HDL in 51 patients (48,1%). Overweight (BMI>25) group had 58 people (54,7%). Dyslipidemia was observed predominantly in patients with moderate periodontitis. Conclusion: There is the association among periodontal disease and the levels of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL. Further research to assess the impact of periodontitis treatment on the structural-functional state of the vascular wall and prediction of  cardiovascular disease (CVD) is necessary to clarify the possibility of using this parameter, as an independent risk factors of CVD.