Effects of Ionics from Ca–Si–Mg Cement on Osteogenesis/Angiogenesis of hPDLs

Objective: The goal of periodontal tissue engineering is to regenerate bone, root cementum and periodontal ligament. To achieve this aim, bioactive materials play an important role in inducing in vitro osteogenic/angiogenesis protein expression of periodontal ligament cells (hPDLs). In this study, we investigated in vitro osteogenic/angiogenesis stimulation of Ca-Si-Mg cement for hPDLCs as well as the possible mechanism underlying this process. Method:  The CaO, SiO2, and MgO mixtures were sintered at 1,400°C for 2 h using a high-temperature furnace and then ball-milled in ethyl alcohol using a centrifugal ball mill for 6 h. The interaction of Ca-Si-Mg cements with hPDLs was studied by investigating cell attachment, proliferation and ostegenic/angiogenesis differentiation of hPDLs. Result: The results have shown that Ca-Si-Mg cement promote the adhesion and proliferation of hPDLs. The Ca-Si-Mg cements significantly increased osteogenesis/angiogenesis-related protein expression (Col 1, Runx2, transforming growth factor beta 1, and bone morphogenetic protein 2) of hPDLs, compared to Ca-Si cements. Conclusion: Our results indicated that silicate-based Mg cements could not only be used for bone tissue engineering, but also for periodontal tissue engineering due to their excellent in vitro osteogenic/angiogenesis.