Human Dental Stem Cells and Their Plasticity Potentials

Dental stem cells have the mesenchymal stem cell potencies similar to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell which could differentiate into other cell types and had a self-renewed ability. Objectives: Aims of this study were to isolated, expanded and in vitro characterized of the mesenchymal stem cells derived from human dental origins such as dental pulp stem cells from permanent teeth (DPSCs), stem cells from extracted deciduous pulp (SCD) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and to compare cytokine gene and pluripotent gene expression in various human dental stem cells (DPSCs, SCD and PDLSCs). Methods: In this study, we were able to differentiate the three dental stem cells sources into osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic potential. We were investigated the three dental stem cells sources to employing these cells in clinical applications based on the expression of surface marker by flow cytometry analysis and immunofluorescence analysis. The expressions of gene profiling were analyzed by reverse transcriptase-PCR, quantitative Real time-PCR, Pluripotency Taqman Low Density Array and cytokine assay. Results: Our study showed the level of comparable differences between the DPSCs, SCD and PDLSCs in morphology, cell proliferation rate, differentiation potential, expression in surface markers and also gene profiling. Human DPSCs, SCD and PDLSCs were expressed the pluripotency and cytokines differently. Conclusion: These results suggest that pluripotency and cytokine induction and signal transduction are different in MSCs from different tissues of human dental origins.