Effect of chitosan on the osteogenesis of PDL stem cell

Background: Osteoprogenitor cell function has a capacity for new bone formation and can be stimulated by biomaterials to develop osteogenesis process. Chitosan has chemical structure like hyaluronate and its potential in wound healing. Objectives: To investigate the effect of chitosan in the differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cell into osteoblasts and osteogenesis process. Methods: Periodontal ligament stem cells were grown from the extracted of third Molar. A number of 10.000 stem cells were incubated and spread in tissue culture plate, which layered by 200 ml of chitosan, diluted in 0,5 % citric acid. Evaluation of osteogenesis was done after 72hr. The experiment was evaluated in day 2, day 3 and day 6 to measure ALP, osteocalcin, and BMP2 level . Von Kossa staining technique was used to evaluate calcium deposition in the culture cell. Cell culture without chitosan was used as control. Results: osteocalcin in day - 2 and day - 3 was higher in the chitosan group compared to control group, but in day - 6 osteocalcin was higher in the control group compared to chitosan group. ALP in the control group was higher than chitosan group from day - 2 to day - 6. BMP-2 was higher in chitosan group compared to control group from day - 2 to day - 6. Deposition of calcium was significantly higher in chitosan group compared to control group. Conclusions: Chitosan is potential to induce and accelerate the differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells in the osteogenesis process.