Effects of Mangosteen and Grape-seed Extracts Against Craniofacial Peri-implantitis Microflora

Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of mangosteen and grape seed extracts against peri-implantitis microflora of craniofacial implants. Materials & Methods: Powdered pericarp extracts of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Lynn) and extracts of grape seed (Vitis vinefera) were obtained. Staphylococcus aureus (Coagulase positive), S. aureus (Coagulase negative), Candida albicans and C. parapsilosis isolated from peri-implantitis lesions of the craniofacial implants were used as the test organisms. Inhibition of microbial growth were primarily tested by agar diffusion method. A two-fold dilution method with a millipore membrane technique was then used to determine the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum cidal concentration (MCC) of the extracts. Results: The grape seed was effective against S. aureus (Coagulase positive) and S. aureus (Coagulase negative) with inhibition zones ranging from 14 mm to 9mm and MIC values of 0.625 mg/ml and MCC at 1.25mg/ml. The mangosteen extract was effective against S. aureus (Coagulase positive) and S. aureus (Coagulase negative) with inhibition zones ranging from 11 mm to 9mm and MIC values of 1.25 mg/ml and 2.5 mg/ml and MCC values of 2.5 mg/ml and 5mg/ml respectively. However both the extracts failed to inhibit the growth of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis. Conclusion: The mangosteen and grape seed extracts have antimicrobial effects against peri-implantitits microflora and may be a promising agent for the treatment of skin infections in patients with craniofacial implants.