Oral Clefts; a Case Control Study at Mexico State

Purpose: A case-control study was conducted to verifying the association between oral clefts and predisposes factors. Methods: The analyzed variables were: maternal and paternal age, baby gender, ethnicity, maternal medicaments use, mother's diseases, family cases, smoking, alcohol, drugs, between others. Oral clefts cases from an 83 communities (n = 120) and unaffected controls neighbors (n = 240) were interviewed at their homes. Odds ratio at a 95% of confidence interval analysis was applied. Results: There were 101 cases of cleft lip with or without cleft palate and 17 had a cleft palate; two had separated cleft lip and palate. Observed Odds radios were maternal and paternal age 1.1, (95% CI 1.0 to 1.2) and 1.1, (95% CI 0.9 to 1.2 respectively); male gender 1.3, (95% CI 1.1 to 1.6); diseases during pregnancy 2.1, (95% CI 1.9 to 3.8); family cases 1.5, (95% CI 1.1 to 1.2); chemicals paternal exposition 1.4 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.8); farm and domestic animals 1.0, (95% CI 1.4 1.0 to 1.9); the lack of consumption of folic acid 1.2, (95% CI 1.9 to 1.3); Indigenous origin .927 (95% CI.638 to1.345).; birth weight 1.282 (95% CI .595 to 2.759); parents sowing and crop activities .989 (95% CI .733 to 1.332); consanguinity, 2.034 (95% CI .569 to 7.271); medicaments intake during pregnancy, maternal occupation .902 (95% CI .662 to 1.228); proximity to industrial areas .788 (95% CI .563 to 1.103); coal and fuel wood stove in a non well ventilate area .806 (95% CI .600 to 1.082); smoking, .330 (95% CI .284 to .382) alcohol 1.414 (95% CI .729 to 2.743) and drugs consumption .331 (95% CI .286 to .384). Conclusions: Due to the limited number of subjects, these results must be interpreted with caution. A clinical study is required to establish the role of relevant factors.