Periodontal Disease among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Healthy Patients

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between periodontal disease and blood glucose level among type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Dental Clinic, Hospital USM. The study includes 32 dentate adult aged 30 years old to 60 years old including 16 diabetic patients and 16 healthy subjects as a control. A sample of patient with type 2 DM was compared with age and gender matched control. Others patient's inclusion criteria were: no periodontal treatment for the last 6-month, minimal two teeth present in the each sextant, no other diseases or complication. The periodontal status was measured by using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN), plaque score was measured by Plaque Index (O'Leary), and blood glucose level was measured by random blood glucose level (RBGL). Mann-Whitney test was used for comparing median CPITN score and median blood glucose level between diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Chi-square test was used for comparing plaque score between diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Results: The main finding was the two median CPITN score (per sextant added up) was significantly different (p=0.003). The median CPITN score was significantly higher in diabetic patients 14.50 (4.75) than in non-diabetic subjects 12.00 (4.75). The median for blood glucose level was significantly higher in diabetic group 11.05 (2.43) than in non-diabetic group 4.80 (0.85) (p<0,001). Conclusion: There is a positive association between blood glucose level and periodontal disease among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and healthy patients attending dental clinic, Hospital University Sains Malaysia.