The difference in preventing dentine lesion development between resin-based and glass-ionomer sealant materials is unclear. Objective: The aim of the present investigation was to carry out a meta-analysis on the caries preventive effect of these two types of sealant materials. Methods: Based on four inclusion criteria, 14 publications were eligible for analyses. A variety of types of glass-ionomers and resin composite materials for use as sealants had been applied in the included studies. Results: There was no pattern observed with respect to the caries preventive effect of either resin composite or glass-ionomer sealants. Therefore, it was impossible to calculate an overall attributable risk and to carry out a meta-analysis. Hence, the investigation had to be changed into a systematic review. Conclusion: We conclude that there is no evidence that neither composite resin nor glass-ionomer sealant material is superior in preventing dentine lesion development in pits and fissures over time.