Tranplantation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell for Acute Xerostomia due to Ionized Radiation

Objectives: The purpose of study was to explain the mechanism of regeneration of salivary gland deffect due to ionizing radiation by BM-MSCs transplantation that have been given hypoxic precondition with 1% of O₂ concentration.
Methods: This reseearch was a true experimental post test control group design. The exploration of BM-MSCs was isolated from femur of Wistar male rats. Stem cell culture was performed in normoxic condition (O₂ 21%) and hypoxic conditions by 48 hour incubation in low oxygen tension chamber consisting 95% N_2, 5% CO₂ and 1% O_2. A total of 30 male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: two groups of control (normal and defect group), and four groups of treatment. All treatment groups were defected in the salivary glands by exposure with a single dose of 15 Gy radiation in the ventral of the neck region. BM-MSCs transplant was given in the treatment groups for normoxia and hypoxia after 24 hours (acute phase) post radiation. The regeneration process of salivary gland deffect were determined after 4 weeks post BM-MSCs transplantation by expression of a number of chemokines and protein such binding SDF1-CXCR4, Bcl₂. Erk on the tissue by Immunohistochemistry methods and the activity of enzyme α- amilase produced by acinar cells through ELISA activity as a marker of salivary gland regeneration process. Data were analyzed with MANOVA statistic.
Results: The result of the study showed a significant increase in the expresssion of SDF1-CXCR4 binding, Bcl2 and Erk (p<0.05) also in the activity of the enzyme α amylase in all groups of hypoxia. The highest increassed expression was identified in the group of chronic hypoxia.
Conclusions: The conclusion demonstrated that BM-MSCs transplantation with hypoxic precondition increasing the expression of SDF1-CXCR4, Bcl2 and Erk that contribute of cell migration, cell survival and cell differentiation.