Frequency Distribution of Gingivitis and OHIS in Individuals with Down Syndrome Aged 14 Years and Above in Jakarta

Objectives: Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by trisomy in chromosome 21. Individuals with Down syndrome have specific physical characteristics and systemic conditions. This may relate to their oral condition, such as periodontal tissues (gingiva) as well as their oral hygiene. The aim of this study is to know the frequency distribution of gingivitis and OHIS (Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified) in 174 individuals with Down syndrome aged 14 and above in SLB type C in Jakarta.
Methods: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive method. Research subjects were 174 individuals with Down syndrome aged 14 and above who went to school in SLB type C in Jakarta. Gingivitis was measured using Gingival Index by Loe and Sillness, while oral hygiene was measured using OHIS by Greene and Vermillon.
Results: The result of this study showed a frequency distribution of gingivitis as follows; 3.45% were free of gingivitis, 47.13% had mild gingivitis, 40.80% had moderate gingivitis, and 8.63% had severe gingivitis. Frequency distribution of OHIS were as follows; 28.16% had good OHIS, 49.43% had fair OHIS, and 22.41% had poor OHIS.
Conclusions: Individuals with Down syndrome had frequency distribution of gingivitis mainly in mild and moderate category, while the majority the subjects had fair OHIS.