Excessive Gingival Display and Several Related Factors in Vietnamese Group

Objectives: Excessive gingival display (EGD) as known as “gummy smile” is common esthetic problem that can affect the confidence of people and result in psychological stress sometimes. It is important to determine the related factors of EGD that influence to the treatment therapy. The present study aims to determine the prevalence of EGD in group of 18 – 24 years in Hanoi and describe several related factors to EGD.
Methods: A cross sectional study was implemented in Vietnamese group of 18 -24 year-olds afforded to inclusion criteria. The EGD situatation was determined by measuring the gingival display in standardized photo with Emma-test image, E-test image and Cheese-test image. The correlation between EGD and several factors included keratinized gingival height, upper lip height, philtrum height, smile line shape (measuring in clinical examination) upper incisors position, upper incisors diameters (measuring in cast), skeletal correlation, maxilla height, Occ/SN angle (measuring in Ceph)… was determined by linear regression analysis by medical statistical software SPSS 16.0.
Results: The prevalence of EGD in Vietnamese group of 18-24 year-olds was 23.9%. There were the positive correlation between EGD and keratinized gingival height, Occ/SN angle, Cm-Sn-Ls angle, maxilla height. The negative correlation between EGD and upper lip height, philtrum height, upper incisors height were observed.
Conclusions: The EGD is exposed with remarkable percentage in Vietnamese. The determination of the etiology correlation factors is important to make efficacy treatment plan for patients. Additional investigations are needed to affirm the etiology correlation factors in EGD.