IADR Abstract Archives
Inhibiton of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) by Ginger and ‘Cat’s Whiskers’ Oils and Ethanol Extracts
Objectives: To determine the inhibitory activity of ginger and ‘Cat’s Whiskers’ oils and ethanol extracts on reactive oxygen species (ROS) released by human polymorphonueclear leukocytes (PMNs).
Methods: Intially, essential oils of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) rhizome and ‘Cat’s Whiskers’ (Orthosiphon stamenius) plant were extracted via hydrodistillation technique while ethanol extracts were obtained using Soxhlet apparatus. Human PMNs were isolated from venous blood of healthy volunteers. The oils and extracts were dissolved in 100% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and prepared in eight serial dilutions of 3.13 to 50µg/ml in Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS). The HBSS was used as negative control while Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) powder was used as a positive control. Viability test using Trypan Blue reagent was carried out followed by luminol-based chemiluminescence assay. Luminometry was used to measure chemiluminescence reading per luminometer unit (RLUs) with peak readings and total integral values set with repeated scans at 30-second intervals and 1-second points measuring time. Finally, the average percentage of ROS inhibition for each sample was calculated for all test replicates (n = 3) and optimal inhibitory concentration of each sample (IC50) in ug/ml was determined.
Results: The ginger oil and ethanol extract exhibited inhibitory activity on ROS released by PMNs between 51.1 - 99.7% and 99.3 - 99.9% respectively, while Cat’s Whiskers oil and extract showed 79.3 - 83.7% and 94.9 – 99.8% inhibition respectively. The Cat’s Whiskers oil and ethanol extract showed the most potent ROS inhibition at IC50 1.7 + 0.1 ug/ml compared to ginger extracts (IC50 9.7 + 5.6 ug/ml, 3.0 + 0.1 ug/ml) and aspirin (IC50 8.7 + 4.6 ug/ml) respectively.
Conclusions: Ginger and Cat’s Whiskers oils and ethanol extracts showed moderate to high inhibition of the ROS released by human PMNs. This finding suggests that both herbal oils may have the potential for inhibiting release of ROS as a modulating inflammatory mediator useful in control of chronic inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis.
Methods: Intially, essential oils of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) rhizome and ‘Cat’s Whiskers’ (Orthosiphon stamenius) plant were extracted via hydrodistillation technique while ethanol extracts were obtained using Soxhlet apparatus. Human PMNs were isolated from venous blood of healthy volunteers. The oils and extracts were dissolved in 100% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and prepared in eight serial dilutions of 3.13 to 50µg/ml in Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS). The HBSS was used as negative control while Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) powder was used as a positive control. Viability test using Trypan Blue reagent was carried out followed by luminol-based chemiluminescence assay. Luminometry was used to measure chemiluminescence reading per luminometer unit (RLUs) with peak readings and total integral values set with repeated scans at 30-second intervals and 1-second points measuring time. Finally, the average percentage of ROS inhibition for each sample was calculated for all test replicates (n = 3) and optimal inhibitory concentration of each sample (IC50) in ug/ml was determined.
Results: The ginger oil and ethanol extract exhibited inhibitory activity on ROS released by PMNs between 51.1 - 99.7% and 99.3 - 99.9% respectively, while Cat’s Whiskers oil and extract showed 79.3 - 83.7% and 94.9 – 99.8% inhibition respectively. The Cat’s Whiskers oil and ethanol extract showed the most potent ROS inhibition at IC50 1.7 + 0.1 ug/ml compared to ginger extracts (IC50 9.7 + 5.6 ug/ml, 3.0 + 0.1 ug/ml) and aspirin (IC50 8.7 + 4.6 ug/ml) respectively.
Conclusions: Ginger and Cat’s Whiskers oils and ethanol extracts showed moderate to high inhibition of the ROS released by human PMNs. This finding suggests that both herbal oils may have the potential for inhibiting release of ROS as a modulating inflammatory mediator useful in control of chronic inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis.