IADR Abstract Archives
Changing enamel fluorosis among 12-year-old children in HoChiMinh city, Vietnam
Objectives: Water fluoridation (WF) in HoChiMinh City (HCMC), Vietnam, started in January 1990 at 0.7±0.1 ppm F and adjusted to 0.5±0.1 ppm F in June, 2000 but it doesn’t cover the entire metropolitan area, determining three geographical areas: Fluoridated (A1), non-fluoridated (A3) and mixed (A2). The Objective of this study was to assess the effect of the 2000 change in fluoride concentration [F] on enamel fluorosis among 12-year-old cohorts in each area.
Methods: Two multi-stratified and multi-stage random sampling surveys of cohorts born in 1990 and 2000. 1361 Twelve-year-old children were examined in 2003 (A1: 296, A2: 707, A3: 358) and 2109 ones in 2012 (A1: 449, A2: 1123, A3: 537). Dean’s index with CFI (Community Fluorosis Index) were recorded by 3 standardized examiners (both surveys). Prevalence figures of enamel fluorosis were calculated by including children with scores “very mild” or “higher”. Chi-square test, independent sample T-test, One Way ANOVA and General Linear Models were applied.
Results: As shown in the table, the significance of CFI significantly changed from “Light” in 2003 to “Borderline” in 2012 in the A1 (p<0.001), and from “Borderline” in 2003 to “Negative” in 2012 in the A2 (p<0.001).
Conclusions: Change in fluoride concentration for WF from 0.7 to 0.5 ppm was associated with significant reductions in prevalence and severity of enamel fluorosis among 12-year-old children; children living in the fluoridated area (A1), and mixed (A2) had higher CFI than those in the non-fluoridated area (A3).
Methods: Two multi-stratified and multi-stage random sampling surveys of cohorts born in 1990 and 2000. 1361 Twelve-year-old children were examined in 2003 (A1: 296, A2: 707, A3: 358) and 2109 ones in 2012 (A1: 449, A2: 1123, A3: 537). Dean’s index with CFI (Community Fluorosis Index) were recorded by 3 standardized examiners (both surveys). Prevalence figures of enamel fluorosis were calculated by including children with scores “very mild” or “higher”. Chi-square test, independent sample T-test, One Way ANOVA and General Linear Models were applied.
Results: As shown in the table, the significance of CFI significantly changed from “Light” in 2003 to “Borderline” in 2012 in the A1 (p<0.001), and from “Borderline” in 2003 to “Negative” in 2012 in the A2 (p<0.001).
Conclusions: Change in fluoride concentration for WF from 0.7 to 0.5 ppm was associated with significant reductions in prevalence and severity of enamel fluorosis among 12-year-old children; children living in the fluoridated area (A1), and mixed (A2) had higher CFI than those in the non-fluoridated area (A3).