Methods: Data obtained from routine oral examinations on patients attending a pediatric immunology clinic at Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria, between September 2004 and August 2005 was analysed retrospectively. The chi-square statistical test was applied to determine significant difference between the two groups of children i.e. those taking and those not taking ART.
Results: Pseudomembraneous candidiasis was more common in the non-ART group, and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.03). Lesions that fell under developmental problems were significantly more common among the ART group (p=0.03)
Conclusion: This study have shown that pseudomembraneous candidiasis is significantly more common in children not on ART. This may be due to improvement of their immune status or may be due to antifungal medication.