Sport Injuries of the Maxillofacial Region: A Retrospective Evaluation

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and nature of sport-related injuries sustained by patients presenting at the Oral and Dental Teaching Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study consisted of a sample of 124 cases of sport- related maxillofacial injuries from the files of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Universities of Stellenbosch/ Western Cape during the period 1985 – to June 2004. Radiographic examinations for mandibular fractures included a pantomograph, postero-anterior projection of the jaw and in cases of a suspected alveolar ridge fracture an occlusal radiograph. Radiographic projections for patients presenting with facial trauma consisted routinely of a Waters, Caldwell, Lateral Skull and a Submento Vertical view. In some cases the patients required a Computed Tomography examination. RESULTS: The sport responsible for the highest incidence of sustained maxillofacial fractures was: Rugby (92 cases) Cricket (8cases) Soccer (15 cases) Golf(3cases) Netball and Baseball (2 cases each) Hockey and Gymkhana (1 case each). The mandible was involved in 60% of cases of which more than 50% appeared at the angle. Zygomatic arch fractures were the most predominant injury in the upper jaw. The average age for injury in rugby was 24.87 years and for soccer 28.46 years. Rugby-related injuries occurred right through the season with the highest peak during the month of June CONCLUSION: Much can be accomplished in reducing the incidence of maxillofacial injuries in sport, especially Rugby. The SARFU could assist by imposing definite rules and regulations regarding the wearing of mouth guards. In certain countries their use are compulsory.