IADR Abstract Archives
Anti-Streptococcus Mutans Property of Uvaria Chamae, and its Anticariogenecity
Objectives: This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of Uvaria chamae (U. chamae) roots extracts against S. mutans biofilm, acid, and extracellular polysaccharides production.
Methods: The plant extracts were prepared with methanol, dichloromethane, hexane, ethanol, and methanol: water. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC) were determined. The effect of subinhibitory concentrations on biofilm, acid, and extracellular polysaccharides was also studied. The gene expression of virulence-related factors (gtfB, gtfC, gbpB, IDH, atpD, vicR, brpA, and spaP) were investigated using a real-time PCR. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Wilcoxon Rank Sum Tests.
Results: The dichloromethane extracts showed the best antibacterial activity with MIC of 0.02 mg/ml and was used in the subsequent experiments. Other extracts showed minimum to moderate activity. At 6 hours, exposure to 0.005, 0.01, and 0.02 mg/ml significantly reduced biofilm formation by 39.70, 59.17, and 76.82 % respectively (p<0.05). At 24 hours, the percentage reduction significantly improved to be up to 91%. The effectiveness of the extract decreased after 24 hours. Uvaria chamae significantly inhibited S. mutans acid production at 10,12,14 and 16 hours (p<0.05). At 10 hours, the control produced a critical pH below 5.5 whereas in the test pH remained at 6.50 after 16 hours. The percentage reduction for EPS ranged between 14.29 to 36.19% for SEPS and 0 to 46.67% for IEPS which was not significant. Virulence gene expressions were significantly down-regulated in the presence of U. chamae (p<0.05).
Conclusions: This study demonstrated for the first time that U. chamae inhibit biofilm, acid production, and virulence gene expression in S. mutans. This suggests that U. chamae extract has the potential to prevent dental caries.
Methods: The plant extracts were prepared with methanol, dichloromethane, hexane, ethanol, and methanol: water. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC) were determined. The effect of subinhibitory concentrations on biofilm, acid, and extracellular polysaccharides was also studied. The gene expression of virulence-related factors (gtfB, gtfC, gbpB, IDH, atpD, vicR, brpA, and spaP) were investigated using a real-time PCR. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Wilcoxon Rank Sum Tests.
Results: The dichloromethane extracts showed the best antibacterial activity with MIC of 0.02 mg/ml and was used in the subsequent experiments. Other extracts showed minimum to moderate activity. At 6 hours, exposure to 0.005, 0.01, and 0.02 mg/ml significantly reduced biofilm formation by 39.70, 59.17, and 76.82 % respectively (p<0.05). At 24 hours, the percentage reduction significantly improved to be up to 91%. The effectiveness of the extract decreased after 24 hours. Uvaria chamae significantly inhibited S. mutans acid production at 10,12,14 and 16 hours (p<0.05). At 10 hours, the control produced a critical pH below 5.5 whereas in the test pH remained at 6.50 after 16 hours. The percentage reduction for EPS ranged between 14.29 to 36.19% for SEPS and 0 to 46.67% for IEPS which was not significant. Virulence gene expressions were significantly down-regulated in the presence of U. chamae (p<0.05).
Conclusions: This study demonstrated for the first time that U. chamae inhibit biofilm, acid production, and virulence gene expression in S. mutans. This suggests that U. chamae extract has the potential to prevent dental caries.