BETALAINS IN DENTISTRY: INNOVATIVE ALTERNATIVE IN HISTOLOGICAL STAINING

Abstract: Objective: Histological staining is a fundamental element in dental research, playing a crucial role in understanding complex cellular structures and giving in the diagnosis of a variety of oral conditions. The agents used in traditional staining methods have historically consisted of chemicals or synthetic dyes, giving rise to challenges related to environmental sustainability and potential health hazards. Furthermore, it's noteworthy that some of these agents may exhibit cytotoxic properties or possess the potential to alter cellular structures. In the modern context, recent studies have highlighted the significant potential of betalains, particularly those obtained from red beets, providing a compelling and natural substitute for histological staining in dentistry. This investigation stems from the shared realization that leveraging the properties of betalains has the potential not only to improve the effectiveness of staining procedures but also to harmonize with the essential transition toward environmentally conscious and non-cytotoxic viable laboratory practices in dentistry. Materials and methods: Tooth buds from Wistar rats were employed to assess the effectiveness of the staining process. Three drops of beetroot extract were applied for 5 minutes, followed by observation using a stereoscope. Subsequently, traditional Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining were performed to verify the distinctions between the two staining methods. Results: The structures and anatomical features of a dental germ and the mandible of a Wistar rat were clearly observed. Conclusions: The study demonstrated the effectiveness of betalain staining in achieving clear and detailed observations of dental germ structures and Wistar rat mandibles. A comparative analysis with traditional staining methods highlighted the potential of betalains as an alternative or complementary approach, providing enhanced visibility. In conclusion, the study emphasizes that betalain staining emerges as a viable ecological alternative to traditional HE staining in dentistry.