Pectins nanocoating for bone regeneration improvement and bacteria infection prevention

Objective: Bone is the most frequently transplanted tissue with about one million procedures annually in Europe. Orthopedic or maxillofacial surgeons to reconstruct large bone defects primarily use bone transplants and titanium implants. However, such operations have often drawbacks as a second surgical site due to complications, limited quantity and possible inflammatory reactions. Plant-derived polysaccharides, pectins have a great potential for bone regeneration, as they mimic human carbohydrates, which initiate bone cells activities. They have also anti-inflammatory properties what can prevent from bacteria infection. Pectins are not degradable by the human body, relatively inexpensive, and easy to obtain in comparison to proteins most commonly used for improvement of bone regeneration. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect the nanocoating with pectin Rhamnogalacturonan-Is (RG-Is) isolated from different plant species on surface properties and osteogenic response in osteoblastic cells and primary osteoblats.Method: Nanocoatings on titanium surfaces were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The effect of coated RG-Is on cell proligeration, cell viability, bone matrix formation and mineralization was tested using SaOS-2, MC3T3 and primary osteoblast cells. The RG-I coating was tested in vitro with and without P.gingivalis infection. Result: Nanocoating with pectin RG-Is affected surface properties and in consequence changed the environment for cellular response. The study showed that the pectin RG-Is nanocoating not only changed chemical and physical titanium surface properties, but specific coating with RG-Is containing high amount of galactase increased mineralized matrix formation of osteoblasts in vitro.The cell proliferation, viability and mineralization after P.gingivalis infection was higher compare to cells cultured on control surface, without nanocoating. Conclusion: Pectin might be potential candidate for novel nanocoating to promote bone formation but also function as a anti-bacteria agent.