Clinical Evaluation.

Abstract Body: Objectives:
To assess the current clinical endodontic status of hydraulic calcium silicate cements and to identify future perspectives.
Methods:
The literature was reviewed using PUBMED. For each clinical endodontic use of hydraulic calcium silicate cements, the clinical data were extracted and evaluated, based on the classification by Camilleri: intra-coronal, intra-radicular and extra-radicular.
Results:
From the 151 records identified, 51 met the eligibility criteria. Hydraulic calcium silicate cements have been mostly applied in vital pulp therapy (37 publications in the intra-coronal section), followed by root-end surgery (8 publications in the extra-radicular section) and subsequently intra-radicular in immature permanent teeth (6 publications).
Hydraulic calcium silicate cements:
do perform well for all endodontic treatment modalities and are comparable or superior to previous materials;
per endodontic treatment modality, the different hydraulic silicate cements applied, result in comparable (favourable) outcomes;
the most prominent adverse event is discolouration due to bismuth oxide in MTA;
there is lack of consensus regarding restoration (coronal/intracanalar);
the limitations in clinical trials are mainly investigator and/or operator related.
Conclusions:
Despite limitations, the hydraulic cements have made a difference in clinical outcomes in endodontics. Nevertheless, the clinical protocols need to be updated to enable the materials to be employed effectively.