IADR Abstract Archives
Effects of Children's Toothpastes and Detergent Contents on Zebrafish Embryos
Objectives: We aimed to evaluate how toothpastes for children affected molecular mechanisms of odontogenesis in zebrafish embryos. Toothpastes (TP) were selected according to their detergent contents, with cocoamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) (Sensodyne Promine 6-12 age, TP1) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) (Colgate +6, TP2). TP3 contained no detergent (Negative control, Jack n' Jill +6). Effects of SLS and CAPB alone were also examined.
Methods: Toothpastes and detergent concentrations affecting development were determined as 750 mg/L and 4 mg/L respectively. Embryos were exposed to TP1, TP2, TP3, SLS, CAPB and embryo medium (Control) for 72 hours post-fertilization. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and oxidant-antioxidant parameters were analyzed spectrophotometrically. Expressions of tooth development genes were evaluated by RT-PCR. Intraocular distance, lower jaw and certohyal cartilage length were displayed using alcian-blue staining.
Results: axin2 and wnt10a expressions increased in SLS and TP2 groups. igf2a and eve1 expressions decreased in all groups except TP3. nrOb1 expression decreased in TP1, SLS and CAPB groups. Oxidant-antioxidant balance was disturbed in all groups except TP3, evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide. SLS and CAPB groups were more affected in terms of AChE, glutathione S-transferase and superoxide dismutase; perturbations were observed in cartilage structures.
Conclusions: Axin2 functions in Wnt signaling pathway activating tooth formation. Altered expression of tooth development gene axin2 correlated with wnt10a, and with changes in cartilage structures in SLS and TP2 groups. TP3 group presented no disruptions in oxidant-antioxidant balance. Our study shows the availability of externally-developing zebrafish embryos in examining the effects of toothpastes’ contents on embryogenesis.
Methods: Toothpastes and detergent concentrations affecting development were determined as 750 mg/L and 4 mg/L respectively. Embryos were exposed to TP1, TP2, TP3, SLS, CAPB and embryo medium (Control) for 72 hours post-fertilization. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and oxidant-antioxidant parameters were analyzed spectrophotometrically. Expressions of tooth development genes were evaluated by RT-PCR. Intraocular distance, lower jaw and certohyal cartilage length were displayed using alcian-blue staining.
Results: axin2 and wnt10a expressions increased in SLS and TP2 groups. igf2a and eve1 expressions decreased in all groups except TP3. nrOb1 expression decreased in TP1, SLS and CAPB groups. Oxidant-antioxidant balance was disturbed in all groups except TP3, evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide. SLS and CAPB groups were more affected in terms of AChE, glutathione S-transferase and superoxide dismutase; perturbations were observed in cartilage structures.
Conclusions: Axin2 functions in Wnt signaling pathway activating tooth formation. Altered expression of tooth development gene axin2 correlated with wnt10a, and with changes in cartilage structures in SLS and TP2 groups. TP3 group presented no disruptions in oxidant-antioxidant balance. Our study shows the availability of externally-developing zebrafish embryos in examining the effects of toothpastes’ contents on embryogenesis.