IADR Abstract Archives
Cytotoxicity, Debris and Smear Layer Removal Efficacy of Super-Oxidized Water
Objectives: The present study evaluated the cytotoxicity of super-oxidized water (SOW) on cultured human gingival fibroblasts and its efficacy in debris and smear layer removal from root canal walls.
Methods: Human gingival fibroblasts were grown from the connective tissue graft and exposed to SOW (Sterilox), which was diluted in the medium at 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% concentrations. The same range of dilutions of sterile distilled water served as a control. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay after incubation period of 1h, 2h, 24h and 48h. Pathological cellular changes were also observed under fluorescence and phase contrast microscopes. Efficacy in debris and smear layer removal was evaluated in comparison to the conventional application of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Forty maxillary premolars having single root canal were randomly divided into two groups (n=20) and shaped with ProTaper NEXT instruments using Sterilox or NaOCl/EDTA for irrigation. Roots were split longitudinally and examined under scanning electron microscope at ×200 and ×1000 magnifications. Statistical analysis was performed with Shapiro-Wilk, Levene’s and ANOVA tests (p<0.05). Smear layer and debris scores having non-normal distribution were compared using Mann-Whitney (inter-group comparison) and Wilcoxon (intra-group comparison) tests.
Results: Cell viability diminished in concentration and time dependent manner, reaching the lowest percentages of viable fibroblasts after 48h at 60% and 70% concentrations. However, significant decrease in cell viability was observed only at highly concentrated SOW, whereas concentrations up to 50% retained acceptable biocompatibility within the specified time periods. No significant differences were detected between SOW and NaOCl/EDTA in debris and smear layer removal.
Conclusions: SOW exhibits acceptable biological properties for endodontic application at concentrations up to 50%, and is equally effective to the conventional irrigation protocol of NaOCl/EDTA in terms of debris and smear layer removal.
Methods: Human gingival fibroblasts were grown from the connective tissue graft and exposed to SOW (Sterilox), which was diluted in the medium at 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% concentrations. The same range of dilutions of sterile distilled water served as a control. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay after incubation period of 1h, 2h, 24h and 48h. Pathological cellular changes were also observed under fluorescence and phase contrast microscopes. Efficacy in debris and smear layer removal was evaluated in comparison to the conventional application of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Forty maxillary premolars having single root canal were randomly divided into two groups (n=20) and shaped with ProTaper NEXT instruments using Sterilox or NaOCl/EDTA for irrigation. Roots were split longitudinally and examined under scanning electron microscope at ×200 and ×1000 magnifications. Statistical analysis was performed with Shapiro-Wilk, Levene’s and ANOVA tests (p<0.05). Smear layer and debris scores having non-normal distribution were compared using Mann-Whitney (inter-group comparison) and Wilcoxon (intra-group comparison) tests.
Results: Cell viability diminished in concentration and time dependent manner, reaching the lowest percentages of viable fibroblasts after 48h at 60% and 70% concentrations. However, significant decrease in cell viability was observed only at highly concentrated SOW, whereas concentrations up to 50% retained acceptable biocompatibility within the specified time periods. No significant differences were detected between SOW and NaOCl/EDTA in debris and smear layer removal.
Conclusions: SOW exhibits acceptable biological properties for endodontic application at concentrations up to 50%, and is equally effective to the conventional irrigation protocol of NaOCl/EDTA in terms of debris and smear layer removal.