IADR Abstract Archives
Citrus-Derived Eriocitrin has Beneficial Effects on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
Objectives: The aim of this work was to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of the citrus flavonoid eriocitrin (ERIOC) in P. gingivalis-stimulated macrophages and in a model of LPS-induced periodontal disease in mice. In addition, we assessed the antioxidative potential of ERIOC on keratinocytes and in gingival tissue of mice.
Methods: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-α) by P. gingivalis-stimulated macrophages. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by gingival keratinocytes was measured using the fluorescent probe dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA). In vivo, for 60 days 50 mice received either a standard diet, or a diet supplemented with 25 or 50 mg/kg body weight of eriocitrin. After 30 days of food supplementation, a solution containing LPS was injected into the gingival tissues three times per week for four weeks. Gingival tissue was collected, and oxidative damage was determined by measuring the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and anti-oxidative activity through the assessment of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Multiplex immunoassays were used to measure the interleukins IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 in gingival tissue.
Results: Eriocitrin inhibited ROS production by gingival keratinocytes and decreased the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α secreted by macrophages challenged with P. gingivalis. The gingival tissue of ERIC-supplemented mice presented levels of IL-1β and TNF-α lowest, while the production of IL-10 was highest when compared to control mice. Moreover, SOD, CAT and GPx activities were increased in the gingival tissues of mice that received ERIOC, while MDA content was reduced.
Conclusions: In conclusion, citrus-derived eriocitrin inhibits oxidative stress, improves the anti-oxidative defenses, and exerts potential anti-inflammatory activity.
Methods: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-α) by P. gingivalis-stimulated macrophages. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by gingival keratinocytes was measured using the fluorescent probe dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA). In vivo, for 60 days 50 mice received either a standard diet, or a diet supplemented with 25 or 50 mg/kg body weight of eriocitrin. After 30 days of food supplementation, a solution containing LPS was injected into the gingival tissues three times per week for four weeks. Gingival tissue was collected, and oxidative damage was determined by measuring the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and anti-oxidative activity through the assessment of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Multiplex immunoassays were used to measure the interleukins IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 in gingival tissue.
Results: Eriocitrin inhibited ROS production by gingival keratinocytes and decreased the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α secreted by macrophages challenged with P. gingivalis. The gingival tissue of ERIC-supplemented mice presented levels of IL-1β and TNF-α lowest, while the production of IL-10 was highest when compared to control mice. Moreover, SOD, CAT and GPx activities were increased in the gingival tissues of mice that received ERIOC, while MDA content was reduced.
Conclusions: In conclusion, citrus-derived eriocitrin inhibits oxidative stress, improves the anti-oxidative defenses, and exerts potential anti-inflammatory activity.