Periodontal Status In Controlled And Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: Uncontrolled diabetes and increased tobacco smoking are amongst the factors increasing the severity of periodontitis besides increased plaque and calculus formation which primarily drives the pathological sequel. The aim of the study was to evaluate the periodontal status in controlled and uncontrolled type 2 diabetic subject with the exclusion of the effect of poor oral hygiene and smoking on periodontium. Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted at Diabetes Management Centre, Services Hospital Lahore. After ethical approval and written informed consent, clinical examination was carried out. Forty (40) controlled and forty (40) uncontrolled type 2 diabetic subjects with good oral hygiene (scored according to simplified oral hygiene index) were included. Probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), and attachment loss (AL) were recorded to obtain the periodontal status of each tooth. Michigan“0” probe with Williams marking was used for all the measurements. Glycemic control was evaluated by glycated Hb value. Using independent sample t-test, mean of probing depth and attachment loss in each tooth type (incisors, canines, premolars and molars) was compared with controlled (<7.0) and uncontrolled (≥ 7.0) glycemic level. Results: Mean age was 58.86±6.23 and 61.6% were females. Difference in mean probing depth was significant (p<0.05) in all the teeth except maxillary incisors and canines. Significant increase (p<0.001) in attachment loss was found in all the teeth in patients with uncontrolled diabetes. Number of sites and mean percentage of sites with Attachment Loss of ≥4 and ≥6mm was also significantly higher in uncontrolled diabetes (p<0.05 and p<0.001 respectively). Conclusion: probing depth and attachment loss significantly increases with poor glycemic control in diabetes.