Objectives: Saliva is a watery secretion produced by the salivary acini that then passes through the salivary ducts and its after final modifications reaches out into the oral cavity. This presumably simple secretion is a host to many proteins, enzymes, immunoglobulins and inorganic constituents. A recently discovered role of saliva is its use as a diagnostic tool for several disease states. Traditionally biomarkers in blood serum are used in clinical diagnosis. Various disease signaling biomarkers can be used accurately to determine a disease state without exposure of the medical personnel to blood-borne pathogens such as AIDS or Hepatitis virus. Saliva sampling is simple and non-invasion causing fewer traumas to the patient. Glucose, lactate, phosphates, α-amylase, steroid and non-steroid hormones, antibodies and cancer makers-based biosensors can be used for monitoring and accurate determination of the disease clinical condition. The objective of this review is to provide newer insights into the utilization of saliva as a tool for diagnostic measure. Methods: Review articles were retrieved using search engines such as Medline, Embase and Google Scholar for this purpose. Results: These biosensors have been reported to have an excellent sensitivity, detection time and response. Newer strategies are in use to make them as home care devices so as to provide patient with a preliminary diagnosis. Conclusions: Technical requirements such as potential toxicity, biocompatibility, easy removability and high operational stability are factors that still being investigated to bring out a better product for the health care system