Dental and Gingival Indices in Type I Diabetic Children and Their Non-diabetic Siblings in Benghazi: a Comparative Study

Objectives: The prevalence of dental and periodontal diseases increases in certain systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the effect of type I diabetes mellitus on dental caries experience and periodontal health in a group of diabetic children and compare them with this healthy siblings in Benghazi, Libya.

Methods: Diabetic children (n=30) were compared with their siblings of same age range (n=30). The study participants were recruited from The Pediatric Department at Benghazi Medical Center (BMC). Dental caries experience and periodontal treatment needs of participants were examined by one trained examiner using DMFT, CPITN and OHI indices according to WHO criteria.

Results: No significant differences, using Mann-Whitney U test, were found between the two groups in terms of DMFT (p=0.62) and CPITN (p=0.54) and OHI (p=0.07). However, taken alone, only the Calculus Index (CI) showed a significant difference being less in diabetic children (p=0.007). The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software package (version 23.0).

Conclusions: Despite the common belief that diabetic patients are more prone to dental diseases, this study showed no difference in dental caries experience nor in overall periodontal health between diabetic children and their non-diabetic siblings. Only the prevalence of dental calculi was more in non-diabetic children, possibly reflecting the strict nutritional behavior imposed on the diabetic children by their parents, besides their decrease in salivation. It also indicates the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene and emphasize the application of a preventive program for this special need group.