Regeneration of alveolar bone and periodontal tissue

Objectives: This study investigated various possibilities of a new cell origin or technology which injectable tissue-engineered bone regeneration based on tissue engineering technology using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and for clinical application; dental implant and periodontitis. Methods: At first, as basic research we investigated characteristic about the tissue-engineered bone regeneration in a dog mandible model. Bone defects made a trephine bar were implanted with graft materials as follows: PRP, dog MSCs (dMSCs) and PRP, autogenous particulate cancellous bone and marrow (PCBM), and control (defect only). Results: According to the histological, histomorphometric observations: mechanical properties, element compositions and gene technology using dMSCs transfected green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene inserted retrovirus vector at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, the tissue-engineered bone had excellent ability of bone regeneration. Secondaly in clinical case that we applied the injectable tissue-enginered bone to bone regeneration in dental implant and periodontitis for 15 patients. And the result indicated that tissue-enginnered bone used for maxillary sinus and mandible augmentation with stimultaneous implant placement provided stable and predictable implant success and the use of MSCs/PRP gel also might be helpful for periodontal tissue regeneration. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that a mixture of dMSCs /PRP is useful as an osteogenic bone substitute for dental implant and periodontitis and we regenerated bone with minimal invasiveness and good plasticity, and to provide a clinical alternative to autogenous bone grafts. In addition we would state the possibilities of bone and dentin regeneration by MSCs or the dental pulp stem cells (DSPCs). In the future, we would like to contribute to the improvement of quality of life (QOL) for the patient based on translational research concept.