IADR Abstract Archives
Assessment of reduced enamel discoloration from e-cigarette and tobacco heating product emissions compared to cigarettes in vitro
Objectives: There is a growing consensus that next generation tobacco and nicotine products (NGPs) such as electronic cigarettes (EC) and tobacco heating products (THP) hold great potential for reducing the risk associated with cigarette smoking. The effects of EC and THP aerosols on the oral cavity and tooth discoloration have yet to be studied in detail. In this study, in vitro enamel sample discoloration was assessed following exposure to emissions from a scientific reference cigarette (3R4F), a commercial THP (THP1.0) and a prototype EC (p-EC).
Methods: Bovine enamel blocks (6.5x6.5 mm) were prepared and pre-incubated with artificial saliva, to form a pellicle layer. Enamel samples were placed in an exposure chamber and then exposed to 200 puffs per day of undiluted 3R4F cigarette smoke (CS) or THP1.0 and p-EC aerosols for 5 consecutive days. Control samples were incubated in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Individual enamel sample color readings (L*, a*, b*) were measured using a Konica Minolta CM-700d Spectrophotometer at baseline and on each exposure day. Mean ΔE values were calculated for each product or control. A one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the differences between the products and control. The Tukey procedure for pairwise comparisons was also used.
Results: At all timepoints, 3R4F CS induced statistically significant (p<0.0001) differences when compared to THP1.0 or p-EC. Whereas THP1.0 and p-EC induced minimal staining, values were comparable to PBS control. After 5 consecutive days’ exposure ΔE values were 26.23±3.22, 3.58±1.93, 3.41±1.26, 5.32±0.84 for 3R4F CS, THP1.0, p-EC and PBS control respectively.
Conclusions: CS exposure significantly increased the level of bovine enamel sample discoloration, whereas THP1.0 or p-EC exposure resulted in values comparable to the control. Further studies will be conducted to assess the long-term impact on tooth staining and the oral cavity following consumers switching from cigarettes to different types of NGPs.
Methods: Bovine enamel blocks (6.5x6.5 mm) were prepared and pre-incubated with artificial saliva, to form a pellicle layer. Enamel samples were placed in an exposure chamber and then exposed to 200 puffs per day of undiluted 3R4F cigarette smoke (CS) or THP1.0 and p-EC aerosols for 5 consecutive days. Control samples were incubated in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Individual enamel sample color readings (L*, a*, b*) were measured using a Konica Minolta CM-700d Spectrophotometer at baseline and on each exposure day. Mean ΔE values were calculated for each product or control. A one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the differences between the products and control. The Tukey procedure for pairwise comparisons was also used.
Results: At all timepoints, 3R4F CS induced statistically significant (p<0.0001) differences when compared to THP1.0 or p-EC. Whereas THP1.0 and p-EC induced minimal staining, values were comparable to PBS control. After 5 consecutive days’ exposure ΔE values were 26.23±3.22, 3.58±1.93, 3.41±1.26, 5.32±0.84 for 3R4F CS, THP1.0, p-EC and PBS control respectively.
Conclusions: CS exposure significantly increased the level of bovine enamel sample discoloration, whereas THP1.0 or p-EC exposure resulted in values comparable to the control. Further studies will be conducted to assess the long-term impact on tooth staining and the oral cavity following consumers switching from cigarettes to different types of NGPs.