Gingival Recessions: Occurrence, Severity, Orthodontic Treatment and Oral Piercing

Objectives: Gingival recession is universal and a common manifestation in most populations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence, extent and severity of gingival recessions in a young adult Israeli population and to assess the relation between potential risk indicators and occurrence of gingival recessions. Methods: The study population consisted of 303 consecutive healthy patients who arrived for routine dental examination at a military dental center. Information was collected regarding the age, smoking habits, oral piercing, oral hygiene habits, and past orthodontic treatment. Clinical examination included visible gingival inflammation, visible dental plaque, and gingival recessions on the facial aspects of the teeth. Results: Gingival recession was found in 14.6% of the participants and 1.6% of all the examined teeth. There was no correlation between presence of gingivitis or smoking habits and recessions. The prevalence of recessions was related to oral piercing. The prevalence, extent and severity of recession were correlated with past orthodontic treatment. A negative correlation was found between plaque on the buccal tooth aspect and gingival recession. Conclusions: Gingival recession is not uncommon among young adults and is related to oral piercing and past orthodontic treatment. Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment or about to pierce their tongue or lips should be advised regarding these findings.