Improving the Osteogenesis of the natural and synthetic granules

Aim: This study was done in order to analyze the effect of metformin on the proliferation, differentiation and adhesion of DPSCs cultured on Allograft and macro-porous biphasic calcium phosphate (MBCP) scaffolds. Method: A pilot study was done in a 2-dimensional environment to specify the optimum concentration of metformin. This study includes four study groups: A: Allograft; B: BTCP; C: Allograft + Metformin; D: BTCP + Metformin. Adhesion of DPSCs was analyzed through scanning electron microscopy on the 7th day of cultivation, in addition, MTT assay and Alkaline phosphatase activity tests were performed to assess cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation respectively. Osteogenic differentiation analyses were performed in both osteo-inducing and standard mediums. A two-way ANOVA test at a significant level of 0.05 was performed for statistical analyses. Results: The results of our pilot study showed that 100?Mol/L had the optimal effect on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs in a 2-D environment. In addition, results showed that metformin enhanced the adhesion of DPSCs cultivated on both MBCP and Allograft granules. Besides, Metformin increased the MTT values of cells cultured on MBCP and Allograft scaffolds. In the standard media, metformin had no significant effect on the ALP activity of DPSCs cultured on MBCP granules while it increased the osteogenic differentiation of cells cultured on Allograft granules. However, in inducing condition, metformin enhanced the osteogenesis of both scaffolds. Conclusion: The positive effect of metformin on proliferation and differentiation of DPSCs can be beneficial for enhancing the osteo-inducing effect of natural and synthetic scaffolds to resolve their drawbacks compared to autogenous bone grafts.