Evaluation of the mean and maximum papilla height and factors affected the dimension of papilla around dental implants

Introduction: Dental implants are successful treatment plan for occlusion reconstruction of complete or partial prosthetic patients. Esthetic is one of the essential factors especially in esthetic zone for successful treatment. Shape and size of dental proximal papilla is one of the substantial indexes in esthetic. Therefore identification of factors that affect the height and shape of papilla around implants are crucial. So the aim of this study is determination of mean and maximum height of proximal papilla around implants and assessment of effective factors. Methods: 63 patients were selected with at least 92 implants that were loaded at least one year ago and were located in the anterior of maxilla. Informed consent was obtained. Questionnaire including background information, materials and methods used for occlusion reconstruction by implants and variables affected shape and size of papilla, were completed. Clinical data was collected using a periodontal probe and clinical observation by a trained examiner. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation, Spearman, independent t-test or ANOVA and regression modelling. Results : The data of papilla around the 92 implants located in the anterior of maxilla were assessed. The mean age of participants was 52.05 ±12.28mm. The mean height of papilla in the implant-tooth region was 2.86±7.48mm, the implant-implant was 2.50±0.61mm and implant-pontic was 2.65±0.66mm. There was no significant difference between groups. (Implant-tooth was considered as reference point.). Height of papilla and variables had no significant relation and also there was no significant relation between the width of the keratinized gingiva and the implant area or gender. The height of papilla and age had reverse relation. Conclusion : In 184 examined areas, the maximum height of implant-tooth was 5.5 mm and the minimum was 1 mm in all three groups. Generally three groups had no significant difference. As a result it is concluded that implant can provide acceptable pink esthetic.