Methods: amalgam is condensed in plastic molds, then prepared with different methods:1)chemical solutions(5 groups) on fresh amalgam 2)chemical solutions(5 groups) on aged amalgams 3)sandblast on fresh amalgam(2 groups),after &before primary setting 4)sandblast on aged amalgam 5)use of diamond bur(0/10) on aged amalgam 6)acid etch 37% on fresh amalgam 7)metal etch on fresh amalgam 8)varnish solvent in amalgam capsule,trituration& condensation(fresh) 9)standard sample with out any treatment. All groups was seen by SEM with 100x , 1500 x ,5000x magnification.for surface roughness in 5 areas numbers of beaks were counted and then data was assessed by K-S test & student t-test
Results: statistically significant difference in all groups(except acid etch treatment &use of number 3 ,5 solution on fresh amalgam) was found.
Conclusions: sandblast ,diamond bur &metal etch ,declined surface roughness,varnish solvent increased surface roughness,use of chemical solutions showed different reactions, usr of number3,5 solution had no effect on surface roughness of fresh amalgam.