IADR Abstract Archives
Prevalence of Enamel Hypomineralization and Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Objectives: This review aims to provide an up-to-date assessment of the prevalence of enamel hypomineralization (EH), molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), and hypomineralization affecting both the molars and incisors (M+IH).
Methods: Publications from 2000 to June 2024 were screened in PubMed and Embase in addition to an extensive hand search of the relevant literature. Eligible studies were cross-sectional population-based studies that reported the prevalence of MIH or EH in a representative sample. Two reviewers independently extracted the data from the included studies and conducted a risk of bias assessment (RoB) following the JBI’s Critical Appraisal Tool. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to estimate the prevalence of MIH, M+IH, and EH per country, continent, and globally. Forest plots and world heat maps were created to illustrate the results.
Results: Out of 746 unique references, 174 were eligible. However, only 138 showed low/moderate RoB and were included in the meta-analyses, aggregating data from 199,662 participants. In detail, 135 studies from 53 countries reported on MIH, 60 studies from 33 countries reported on M+IH, and only 21 studies from 15 countries reported on EH prevalence. The sample size ranged from 77 to 32,142 participants. MIH prevalence varied widely among studies from 0.6% in Poland to 46.6% in Brazil. Meta-analytic estimates for the global prevalence were 15.5% (14.4-16.6) for MIH, 6.9% (6.0-7.7) for M+IH, and 25.3% (20.0-30.6) for EH. Subgroup analysis showed that Africa was the continent with the lowest MIH prevalence at 12.8% (7.9–17.7), while North America showed the highest prevalence at 23.9% (14.44–33.4).
Conclusions: EH and MIH remain moderately prevalent worldwide with an uneven distribution across countries. Future research should focus on high-quality study designs, collecting data from underrepresented countries, and considering all EH phenotypes in the dental examinations.
Methods: Publications from 2000 to June 2024 were screened in PubMed and Embase in addition to an extensive hand search of the relevant literature. Eligible studies were cross-sectional population-based studies that reported the prevalence of MIH or EH in a representative sample. Two reviewers independently extracted the data from the included studies and conducted a risk of bias assessment (RoB) following the JBI’s Critical Appraisal Tool. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to estimate the prevalence of MIH, M+IH, and EH per country, continent, and globally. Forest plots and world heat maps were created to illustrate the results.
Results: Out of 746 unique references, 174 were eligible. However, only 138 showed low/moderate RoB and were included in the meta-analyses, aggregating data from 199,662 participants. In detail, 135 studies from 53 countries reported on MIH, 60 studies from 33 countries reported on M+IH, and only 21 studies from 15 countries reported on EH prevalence. The sample size ranged from 77 to 32,142 participants. MIH prevalence varied widely among studies from 0.6% in Poland to 46.6% in Brazil. Meta-analytic estimates for the global prevalence were 15.5% (14.4-16.6) for MIH, 6.9% (6.0-7.7) for M+IH, and 25.3% (20.0-30.6) for EH. Subgroup analysis showed that Africa was the continent with the lowest MIH prevalence at 12.8% (7.9–17.7), while North America showed the highest prevalence at 23.9% (14.44–33.4).
Conclusions: EH and MIH remain moderately prevalent worldwide with an uneven distribution across countries. Future research should focus on high-quality study designs, collecting data from underrepresented countries, and considering all EH phenotypes in the dental examinations.