Bionic fabrication of oral-maxillofacial bony implants by tissue engineering techniques

Objectives: To investigate the feasibility of bionic fabrication of oral-maxillofacial bony implants by tissue engineering techniques in vitro. Methods:Prepared three-dimensional porous chitosan/glutin(CG)network scaffolds by phase separation techniques and then deposited nano-HA particles onto their surface to develop nano- HA/CG(nHCG) scaffolds. Isolated and cultured osteblasts of three origins:Chinese mini-pig, humen embryo periosteum, human adult alveolar bones as bony tissue engineering seeding cells by enzyme digestion and conditional culturing. Fabricated three types of tissue engineered bony implant samples by static co-culture of osteoblasts with HA/chitosan/glutin,tricalcium phosphate/chitosan/glutin and nHCG. Contrasted the three types of bony implants by observing inner-cells morphous proliferous rate,alkaline phosphatase activitis,AVon Kossa stain with SEM,TEM,FDA fluorescence,LDH,MTT methods to detemine the osteogenesis activities of 3 types of tissue engineering bony implants in vitro. Results: Indicated that the nHCG scaffolds was a perfect bone tissue engineering scaffolds which have excellent biocompatibilitis and good mechanical properties.The porosity of scaffolds was 90%±1% and the dispersity of apertures was 100-300ìm which were proper for osteoblasts attaching and distributing; the particle diameter of nano- HA were about 50nm which was similar to the natural bone. Three origins of osteoblasts were cultured successfully in vitro: among them, the osteoblast from Chinese mini-pig showed better proliferous and osteogenetic activity;Human embryo periosteum origin osteoblasts indicated lower immunogenicity and better proliferous activity; Human alveolar bone osteoblasts, which had favorable osteogenetic activity, may be applied to be the donors cells for individual tissue engineering therapy in oral maxillofacial surgery. Among three kind of tissue engineered bony implant samples, the bionic fabricated implants of mini-pig osteoblasts/ nHCG had excellent osteogenetic activities and worth to be forther developed. Conclusions: The bionic bony tissue engineering implants which structure and osteogenesis were similar to natural bone were constructed successfully in vitro in this study.The appraisal methods of bionic tissue engineering bone implants were established primarily.