Effects Of Type 1 Diabetes On Periodontal And Oral Health

Method:  T1DM group included 76 subjects (38 males, 38 females; mean age:14.16±2.46 years:) and C group consisted 76 healthy subjects (38 males, 38 females; mean age;14±2.08 years) with no medical disorders who attended for orthodontic treatment in Gazi University Faculty of Dentisty. Groups were  also categorized as pubertal/postpubertal and female/male. Sillness&Löe plaque index (PI), Löe&Sillness gingival index (GI), pocket depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and community periodontal index of treatment need (CPITN) values were recorded. Decayed missing filled teeth (DMFT) index scores were also evaluated by clinical examination, bite wing and panaromic radiographs. Statistical analysis was performed by independent t test and Mann-Whitney U test with a significance level of p<0.05.

Result: PI, GI, PD, BOP and CPITN scores were all found higher in T1DM group than the healthy group. T1DM affected CPITN and PI scores but not DMFT scores. Correlations were found between bone age-DMFT scores and disease factor-CPITN scores. DMFT scores were significantly higher in postpubertal period compared to pubertal period (p<0,05); and CPITN scores were significantly higher in T1DM group compared to the healthy group (p<0,001). In postpubertal period, DMFT and CPITN scores were higher in males with T1DM compared to healthy control; in pubertal period, CPITN scores were higher in both males and females with T1DM compared to health control.

Conclusion: T1DM is a risk factor for periodontal health in children. However, there is no difference in terms of the risk of caries among children with T1DM.