Biological Effects of Resin Based Dental Material Monomers

The objective was to investigate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of four resin-based materials, monomers TEGDMA and Bis-GMA in vitro.

Method:

The tested materials were Tetric EvoCeram, Tetric EvoFlow, G-aenial and G-aenial Flo. First, they capability to induce cell death was tested. This in vitro investigation was performed on human lymphocytes and PK15 cells. Cytotoxicity was evaluated for every material, non-cured and cured, after four hour and 24 hours. There were two mass concentrations of materials (0,007g/ml and 0,013 g/ml) that were subjected to elution in cell culture medium RPMI 1640 for every time period. Genotoxicity was evaluated using micronucleus assay under the same conditions as applied during the investigation of cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were also tested on Bis-GMA and TEGDMA, but only on human lymphocytes.

Result:

Genotoxic effects showed only forms of uncured composite materials in higher mass concentration. Tetric EvoCeram and Tetric EvoFlow showed the highest genotoxic effect in both tested cell cultures. The cytotoxic effect of G-aenial and G-aenial Flo in both cell cultures caused an increase of cells in late apoptosis and necrosis. The results indicate also the cytotoxic effect of Bis-GMA. After four hours cell survival was less than 10%. Surviving cells were in apoptosis and necrosis. TEGDMA caused a significant increase in the number of micronuclei after 24 hours. After four hours TEGDMA caused apoptosis and decrease in the percentage of viable cells at 40%.

Conclusion:

The results indicate that resin composite components have a cytotoxic and genotoxic potential. Monomers TEGDMA and Bis-GMA induced apoptosis and necrosis.