How can the genetic predisposition influence the periodontopathy in diabetics?

Genetic factors play a role in the clinical manifestation of periodontopathy. In the Interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene family two gene-variations indicate connection with the formation of disease. The genetic test maps these variations, namely the position of IL-1A gene -889 and IL-1B gene +3953. The presence of both gene variations increases the chance of developing periodontopathy. Objectives: The aim of our examination was to determine the frequency of IL-1 gene family's alleles in type 1 diabetics with various forms of gingivitis and parodontitis, furthermore to determine the possible connection between the positive genetic attendance and the seriousness of tooth socket status, or frequency of tooth removal. Method: During our examination we performed 173 clinical dental treatments on type 1 diabetics (105 women, 68 men). To record the status of tooth socket we used the Löe Silness gingival index. The mean number of previously removed teeth was recorded by using the DMF-T index. For the genetic examination we detected the IL-1A and the IL-1B gene ( a polimorphism of each) from oral mucosa scrapings. The examination was made by the commercially available kits ( Hain Life Science). Results: 1.There is a significant connection between the specific variant of IL-1 gene family and the incidence rate of moderate to serious gingivitis of type 1 diabetics ( p<0.001). 2.The DMF-T index was significantly higher int he gene variant positive patients and more teeth had been removed (p<0.001) probably as a consequence of periodontopathy, than in the gene variant negative group or non-diabetic people. Conclusion: Knowing the gene variant positive status of type 1 diabetics would allow particular focus and regular dental control to improve patient care in these patients.