IADR Abstract Archives
Oral Muscle Pressure in Orthodontically Untreated and Treated Normal Occlusion.
Objectives: (1) To investigate the effect of age and diet consistency on maximum lips, tongue and cheek pressure of orthodontically treated and untreated subjects with normal dental occlusion, (2) to find out whether there is a muscle imbalance between anterior tongue and lip pressure in the same subjects at different ages and (3) to compare the 3D facial shape of treated and untreated individuals.
Methods: Subjects with normal occlusion were prospectively grouped into orthodontically treated/untreated and in Children/Adolescents/Adults. Iowa Oral Performance Instrument was used to record the maximum muscle pressure. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test analyzed age-specific differences in muscle pressure. Two-way ANCOVA analyzed the effect of diet consistency on muscle pressure. Lips and tongue imbalance was analyzed using z-scores and 3D faces using a generalized Procrustes analysis.
Results: 135 orthodontically untreated and 114 treated were included. Muscle pressure was found to increase with age in both groups, except for the tongue in treated subjects. No differences in the balance between lips and tongue muscle pressure were found, but a higher cheek pressure in untreated adults (p<0.05) was observed. 3D facial shapes showed subtle differences. Untreated subjects with soft diet consistency showed lower lip pressure (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Oral muscle pressure of orthodontically treated patients without relapse does not differ from that of untreated patients with normal occlusion. This study provides normative lip, tongue, and cheek muscle pressure in subjects with normal occlusion, which can be used for diagnosis, treatment planning and stability.
Methods: Subjects with normal occlusion were prospectively grouped into orthodontically treated/untreated and in Children/Adolescents/Adults. Iowa Oral Performance Instrument was used to record the maximum muscle pressure. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test analyzed age-specific differences in muscle pressure. Two-way ANCOVA analyzed the effect of diet consistency on muscle pressure. Lips and tongue imbalance was analyzed using z-scores and 3D faces using a generalized Procrustes analysis.
Results: 135 orthodontically untreated and 114 treated were included. Muscle pressure was found to increase with age in both groups, except for the tongue in treated subjects. No differences in the balance between lips and tongue muscle pressure were found, but a higher cheek pressure in untreated adults (p<0.05) was observed. 3D facial shapes showed subtle differences. Untreated subjects with soft diet consistency showed lower lip pressure (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Oral muscle pressure of orthodontically treated patients without relapse does not differ from that of untreated patients with normal occlusion. This study provides normative lip, tongue, and cheek muscle pressure in subjects with normal occlusion, which can be used for diagnosis, treatment planning and stability.