IADR Abstract Archives
Salivary Protective Effects of Enalapril in Diabetics: Does Gender Matter?
Objectives: It has been shown that ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) moderately reduce diabetes-induced oral complications (xerostomia, hyposalivation) risk development due to pharmacodynamic and antioxidant properties. It is unknown if there are gender-associated differences in ACEIs oral tissues protective effects, especially at saliva level which is critical in maintaining oral health. Present study aimed to investigate gender differences in ACEIs salivary protective effects by evaluating salivary angiotensin system components and antioxidant marker levels in hypertensive men (Hm) and hypertensive women (Hw) with/without T2D compared to healthy.
Methods: Study enrolled 36 50-75 years old men and age-matched postmenopausal women: 12 Hm+Hw treated with enalapril (ACEIs); 12 Hm+Hw with T2D on enalapril and metformin (antidiabetic); 12 healthy men+women. Levels of salivary ACE, ACE2, angiotensin II (Ang-II), angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) were measured by ELISA; total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured spectrophotometrically.
Results: Gender analysis revealed similar levels of all investigated parameters between men and women, healthy and enalapril-treated regardless of T2D. In men as well as women, enalapril, while not affecting significantly ACE levels, increases ACE2 and decreases Ang-II (vasoconstrictor, prooxidant) and Ang-(1-7) (vasodilator, antioxidant), significantly in hypertensives than in hypertensives with T2D compared to healthy. In enalapril-treated Hm as well as Hw with/without T2D, TAC (antioxidant protection marker) was similar in all groups.
Conclusions: Present study revealed that there are no significant gender-associated differences in salivary angiotensin system components and antioxidant marker in enrolled healthy individuals and that enalapril beneficially affects investigated parameters in both, hypertensive men and women regardless of T2D presence. In men and women, enalapril induces salivary protective effects to the similar extent and in the similar manner.
Methods: Study enrolled 36 50-75 years old men and age-matched postmenopausal women: 12 Hm+Hw treated with enalapril (ACEIs); 12 Hm+Hw with T2D on enalapril and metformin (antidiabetic); 12 healthy men+women. Levels of salivary ACE, ACE2, angiotensin II (Ang-II), angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) were measured by ELISA; total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured spectrophotometrically.
Results: Gender analysis revealed similar levels of all investigated parameters between men and women, healthy and enalapril-treated regardless of T2D. In men as well as women, enalapril, while not affecting significantly ACE levels, increases ACE2 and decreases Ang-II (vasoconstrictor, prooxidant) and Ang-(1-7) (vasodilator, antioxidant), significantly in hypertensives than in hypertensives with T2D compared to healthy. In enalapril-treated Hm as well as Hw with/without T2D, TAC (antioxidant protection marker) was similar in all groups.
Conclusions: Present study revealed that there are no significant gender-associated differences in salivary angiotensin system components and antioxidant marker in enrolled healthy individuals and that enalapril beneficially affects investigated parameters in both, hypertensive men and women regardless of T2D presence. In men and women, enalapril induces salivary protective effects to the similar extent and in the similar manner.