IADR Abstract Archives
Periodontopathogen Suppression with a Low-Concentration Chlorhexidine Mouthwash
Objectives: Chlorhexidine (CHX) is used in mouthwashes as an antimicrobial adjuvant therapy for periodontitis, given its bactericidal effects on oral pathogens present in the gingival sulcus and saliva. The use of mouthwash containing low-concentration, highly bioavailable CHX is indicated for plaque control during periodontal maintenance. The effects of these mouthwashes on the subgingival microbiota are, however, unknown. Therefore, the aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of a 4-day treatment with a non-commercial 0.03% CHX and 0.05% CPC (cetylpyridinium chloride) mouthwash on the subgingival microbiota of periodontally-healthy subjects in the absence of mechanical oral hygiene.
Methods: Six individuals carried out a 4-day treatment, during which they refrained from any oral hygiene but rinsed every 12 h with the mouthwash. Baseline and post-treatment samples were collected from four Ramfjord teeth using sterile paper points. Sequencing was conducted in a MiSeq, and microbiome was characterised using a metagenomics 16S analysis. Richness was measured by the number of OTUs, alpha-diversity was calculated using the Shannon’s and the Simpson’s indexes and evenness by H/Hmax. OTUs differing in relative abundance were identified with LEfSe.
Results: Richness was significantly higher at baseline when taxonomic categories phylum, class, order and species were compared. The Shannon’s and Simpson’s indexes showed significantly lower diversity after the treatment in the taxonomic ranks order, family and genus. The same result was observed for evenness.
Baseline and post-treatment were compared in terms of relative abundance per clade, and the following was found: Actinomycetaceae, Corynebacteriaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Tannerellaceae, Spirochaetaceae, Comamonadaceae and Lachnospiraceae were more abundant at baseline and Flavobacteriaceae showed increased relative abundance post-treatment.
Conclusions: The use of a low-concentration chlorhexidine mouthwash, excluding any mechanical hygiene method, prevented the increased relative abundance of most periodontopathogens, including the families Tannerellaceae, Porphyromonadaceae and Spirochaetaceae, which contain species of the red complex.
Methods: Six individuals carried out a 4-day treatment, during which they refrained from any oral hygiene but rinsed every 12 h with the mouthwash. Baseline and post-treatment samples were collected from four Ramfjord teeth using sterile paper points. Sequencing was conducted in a MiSeq, and microbiome was characterised using a metagenomics 16S analysis. Richness was measured by the number of OTUs, alpha-diversity was calculated using the Shannon’s and the Simpson’s indexes and evenness by H/Hmax. OTUs differing in relative abundance were identified with LEfSe.
Results: Richness was significantly higher at baseline when taxonomic categories phylum, class, order and species were compared. The Shannon’s and Simpson’s indexes showed significantly lower diversity after the treatment in the taxonomic ranks order, family and genus. The same result was observed for evenness.
Baseline and post-treatment were compared in terms of relative abundance per clade, and the following was found: Actinomycetaceae, Corynebacteriaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Tannerellaceae, Spirochaetaceae, Comamonadaceae and Lachnospiraceae were more abundant at baseline and Flavobacteriaceae showed increased relative abundance post-treatment.
Conclusions: The use of a low-concentration chlorhexidine mouthwash, excluding any mechanical hygiene method, prevented the increased relative abundance of most periodontopathogens, including the families Tannerellaceae, Porphyromonadaceae and Spirochaetaceae, which contain species of the red complex.
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