Prevalence of increased overjet in a sample of Bulgarian kindergarten children

Objectives: A proper development of the dental arches and occlusion in primary dentition allows the orofacial system to develop in equilibrium. Morphological changes in the first dentition associated with external influences are a prerequisite for the development of orthodontic deformation of varying severity, which in turn, in different degrees, to be passed in the next two dentitions. Regular monitoring of the functional and occlusal development allows timely orthodontic prevention and an early measures and treatment according to each child’s individual needs. To estimate the prevalence of increased overjet and associated etiological factors in a sample of 4-5-year-old Bulgarian children.
Methods: 471 kindergarten children (230 girls and 241 boys) were examined in this observational epidemiological study. Increased and decreased overjet (>3mm; <0mm), lip contact, lip and finger sucking behaviors were registered. Statistical analysis about prevalence and associations was conducted.
Results: 85.6% of the children have a normal sagittal relationship in anterior region. An increased and decreased overjet was observed in 9.5% and in 4.9% of the children. 27.2% of this sample were registered with lip sucking habit and 3% - with finger sucking. 32.3% of all examined children shown no lip contact. Statistical significant relationship between increased overjet and lip sucking is found. And significant association between lips without contact and increased overjet is found only for the boys.
Conclusions: New data about prevalence of malocclusions and associated etiological factors is obtained for Bulgarian population in primary dentition stage. Early diagnosis of malocclusion, negative habits and improper oral functions is a perquisite of successful orthodontic prevention and optimal treatment results.