Impact of Malocclusion n Gingival Recession

Objectives: Occlusion and periodontium has to be in harmony for maintanance of a healthy dentition. However, inconsistency on centric and eccentric occlusion can be detrimental on periodontium. Malocclusions are known as one of the important etiological factors of gingival recessions, however, very limited data have been published. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of malocclusion on gingival recession .
Methods: Systemically healthy, non-smoker, 123 young adult subjects were included in this study; where 52 of them (23,7 ± 5,1 years-old) had gingival recessions and 71 of them (23,1 ± 2,2 years-old) had no gingival recessions. Periodontal clinical parameters were recorded. The teeth which had gingival recessions, occlusion type and class, maximum intercuspidation and contacts on eccentric mandibular movements, as well as existence of abfraction and bruksizm, were evaluated. The data were analyzed statistically.
Results: Test group had total of 226 teeth with gingival recession (mean 4,35 ± 2,86 teeth with gingival recessions). Gingival recession was mostly seen on first premolar teeth and mandibular anterior teeth. 50% of the patients who had gingival recessions affected 2-3 teeth, and the rest of them were affected extensive recessions. However gingival recession was more commonly related to group function occlusion (r: 0,3612). Negative correlation was detected between class II maloclusion and gingival recession (r: -0,3475).
Conclusions: Current evidence supports the association between malocclusions and the existence of gingival recessions. Moreover, type of malocclusions as well as being a group or a canine guided occlusion appears have strong influence on appearance of gingival recessions.