IADR Abstract Archives
Salivary Beneficial Effects of Enalapril during Diabetes-induced Hypertension
Objectives: ACE inhibitors are first-line antihypertensives for hypertension control in diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) patients because of their main pharmacodynamics effect-control of hypertension, as well as antioxidant properties which contribute to their antihypertensive action, and also protective effects on DMT2-induced cardiovascular complications. Oral complications of DMT2 among other include xerostomia, oral ulcerations and increased risk for periodontitis development, all of which are underlined by oxidative stress. Therefore, we investigated the elements of salivary angiotensin system, oxidative stress and antioxidant protection markers in hypertensive patients (HP) with/without DMT2 with respect to healthy subjects.
Methods: This observational, case-control study enrolled 48 subjects (50-70 years old, both gender): HP on enalapril (inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme - ACE inhibitor) therapy (n=16), HP with DMT2 on enalapril and metformin (antidiabetic) therapy (n=16) and healthy subjects-control (n=16). In unstimulated whole saliva, collected by spitting method, we analyzed concentrations of ACE, ACE2, angiotensin II (Ang-II), angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)), and malondialdehyde-adducts (MDA-adducts) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total glutathione concentrations by spectrophotometry.
Results: Enalapril increases ACE and ACE2 concentrations and decreases concentrations of Ang-II, vasoconstrictor and pro-oxidant, and Ang-(1-7), vasodilator and antioxidant, in greater extent in HP than in HP with DMT2 with respect to healthy. In enalapril treated patients concentrations of MDA-adducts, marker of oxidative stress, were significantly lower with respect to healthy. TAC, SOD activity and total glutathione concentrations, markers of antioxidant protection, were similar in enalapril treated patients and healthy subjects.
Conclusions: Results showed that angiotensin system is present in saliva and beneficially modified by enalapril in HP with/without DMT2. Salivary protective effects of enalapril are underlined by: decreased concentrations of vasoconstrictor and pro-oxidant Ang-II; decreased oxidative stress; and increased antioxidant protection.
Methods: This observational, case-control study enrolled 48 subjects (50-70 years old, both gender): HP on enalapril (inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme - ACE inhibitor) therapy (n=16), HP with DMT2 on enalapril and metformin (antidiabetic) therapy (n=16) and healthy subjects-control (n=16). In unstimulated whole saliva, collected by spitting method, we analyzed concentrations of ACE, ACE2, angiotensin II (Ang-II), angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)), and malondialdehyde-adducts (MDA-adducts) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total glutathione concentrations by spectrophotometry.
Results: Enalapril increases ACE and ACE2 concentrations and decreases concentrations of Ang-II, vasoconstrictor and pro-oxidant, and Ang-(1-7), vasodilator and antioxidant, in greater extent in HP than in HP with DMT2 with respect to healthy. In enalapril treated patients concentrations of MDA-adducts, marker of oxidative stress, were significantly lower with respect to healthy. TAC, SOD activity and total glutathione concentrations, markers of antioxidant protection, were similar in enalapril treated patients and healthy subjects.
Conclusions: Results showed that angiotensin system is present in saliva and beneficially modified by enalapril in HP with/without DMT2. Salivary protective effects of enalapril are underlined by: decreased concentrations of vasoconstrictor and pro-oxidant Ang-II; decreased oxidative stress; and increased antioxidant protection.