COMPARATIVE MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF PERIODONTAL AND PERI-IMPLANT DISEASES

Objectives: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia are the major periodontal pathogens. The aim of this study was to define and compare the microbiologic profile of sungingival plaque in patients with advanced chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, periimplantitis and also in healthy teeth and implants.
Methods: Ten patients with clinical and radiologic signs of agressive and chronic periodontitis(AP, CP), eight patients with periimplantitis, and fifteen healthy teeth and implants were enrolled in this study. Medical histories were taken and recorded. Clinical indices were recorded as four-point measurements on each tooth/implant. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained with streile paper point from each tooth or implant. The samples were evaiuated at Carpegen laboratory using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR )analysis. Also total amount of the bacterial load was calculated.
Results: A total of 168 samples were evaluated. Healthy sites harbored less amount of total bacterial load compared to periodontitis or periimplantitis sites. At all of the 8 CP sites; P. gingivalis, T. denticola and T. Forsythia were detected. These three bacteria also composed more than 60% of the total harbored bacteria. A.a was present only 12,5 % of the CP sites. T. denticola and T. forsythia were detected all of the AP sites. P. intermedia, T. denticola and T. forsythia were present all 11 of the periimplantitis sites. P. gingivalis was detected at 72% and F. nucleatum was present 63 % of the periimplantitis sites.
Conclusions: P.gingivalis was mostly found in diseased areas, but T.forsythia and T. denticola were detected at both healthy and diseased areas. A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected only in one patient with advanced chronic periodontitis. Q-RTPCR seems to be useful method microbiological evaluation for its fast method for detecting multiple pathogenic microorganisms using a small sample.