The evaluation of effectiveness of adhesive systems in restorative treatments on dental amalgam restorations

Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect on the microleakage of using adhesive systems on preventive restorative treatments with amalgam
Methods: In this study 100 caries-free human permanent molar teeth extracted because of orthodontic or surgery reasons were used. Teeth were randomly assigned to five groups (n=20) and standardized class I cavities. Then the teeth were randomly divided into five groups (n=20). First group is control which is no adhesive system applied under amalgam restoration (Tytin, Kerr, California, USA). Amalgam Liner (VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany) Group II, Clearfil SE-Bond (Kuraray Europe GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany) Group III, Panavia F 2.0 (Kuraray Europe GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany) Group IV, Amalgambond Plus (Parkell Inc., Edgewood, NY, USA) Group V were applied to prepared cavities, amalgam restorations were placed, according to manufacturers’ recommandations. Teeth were immersed into distilled water at 37 ^oC (Nüve Incubator EN 120, Ankara, Türkiye) for 24 h. After 24 h polishing and finishing of restorations were done with polishing tires were under water cooling. After polishing process, samples were subjected to 1000 times thermal cycles. Following this, all teeth, except 1mm surrounding of the restorations, were coated twice with acid resistant varnish and stained with 0.5 % basic fuchsin at 37 ^oC (Nüve Incubator EN 120, Ankara, Türkiye) for 24 h. Then teeth were sectioned bucco-palatinally/lingually and, microleakage scores of occlusal walls were evaluated with a standardized scala from 0 to 4 under stereomicroscope at 15X magnification. And also SEM LEO EVO 40 (LEO Ltd., Cambridge, UK) photographs of amalgam-tooth hard tissue interfaces were taken at different magnifications after microleakage assessment. Results of microleakage test were statistically analyzed by Cruskall-Wallis and Mann Whitney-U tests.
Results: In terms of microleakage among groups, differences were determined significant (p<0.05). Microleakage of control group was determined as the highest, statistically difference was observed between the other groups.
Conclusions: In our study oral conditions were tried to be simulated by thermocycling. In prepared class I cavities occlusal microleakage of amalgam adhesive systems are effective in preventing but wasn’t completely obstruct